Task

During intense running, a total of 10 mol of glucose was broken down in an athlete’s muscle cells and 236 mol of ATP was synthesised. Part of the glucose was broken down completely (through the oxygen stage) and the rest, for lack of oxygen, only by glycolysis to lactic acid. Data: 1 mol of glucose releases 200 kJ in glycolysis and 2800 kJ when broken down completely; 1 mol of ATP stores 40 kJ. 1) Describe the stages of energy metabolism (preparatory, anaerobic, aerobic), where they occur and the ATP yield of each. 2) Write the equations of glycolysis and complete breakdown of glucose and set up a system of equations from the data. 3) Determine how many moles of glucose were broken down completely and incompletely. 4) Calculate the amounts (mol) of lactic acid formed, carbon dioxide released and oxygen consumed. 5) Calculate the total energy released, the energy stored in ATP and the energy dissipated as heat (kJ). For each part, write out the law or method used (cross scheme, formulas, reasoning) and all calculations step by step.