Predloglar (prepositions) ingliz tilida o‘zbek tilidagi kelishik qo‘shimchalari va ko‘makchilar vazifasini bajaradi: uyda — at home, stol ustida — on the table, dushanba kuni — on Monday. Ularning bir qismi aniq mantiqqa bo‘ysunadi (vaqt va joy uchun in/on/at), ko‘pchiligini esa qoida bilan emas, birikma sifatida yodlash kerak: interested in, good at, depend on. Bog‘lovchilar esa gaplar va fikrlarni bog‘laydi — Writing’da "izchillik va bog‘liqlik" mezoni aynan shunga qarab baholanadi. Bu darsda vaqt va joy predloglari, harakat predloglari, turg‘un birikmalar va asosiy bog‘lovchilar tushuntiriladi.
§1. Vaqt predloglari: at, on, in
Uchta asosiy predlogni "kichikdan kattaga" tartibida eslab qolish oson: at — nuqta, on — kun, in — uzunroq davr.
at — aniq soat va nuqta: at 5 o’clock, at noon, at midnight, at night, at the weekend (BrE)
on — kun va sana: on Monday, on 5 May, on my birthday, on Friday morning, on New Year’s Day
in — oy, yil, fasl, asr, kun qismlari: in June, in 2026, in winter, in the 21st century, in the morning
E’tibor bering: in the morning, lekin on Monday morning (kun aniq bo‘lgani uchun on); in the evening, lekin at night.
Boshqa vaqt predloglari:
for — davomiylik: for two hours, for ten years.
during — biror voqea davomida: during the lesson, during the war.
since — boshlanish nuqtasidan beri: since 2020, since Monday.
by — "kechi bilan, …gacha": Hand it in by Friday.
until/till — "…gacha" (davom etib): I’ll wait until six.
within — "…ichida": within a week.
next, last, this, every, today, tomorrow, yesterday oldidan predlog qo‘yilmaydi: next week (✗ in next week)
Misol
The exam starts ___ 9 a.m. ___ Monday, ___ June.
9 a.m. — aniq soat → at.
Monday — hafta kuni → on.
June — oy → in.
Javob: at, on, in.
§2. Joy predloglari
at — nuqta, manzil, voqea joyi: at the bus stop, at home, at school, at work, at 15 Navoi Street, at a concert
on — sirt yoki chiziq: on the table, on the wall, on the second floor, on the left, on the bus (transport ichida)
in — ichida, hudud: in the box, in the room, in Tashkent, in Uzbekistan, in the photo, in a car
Transport: on the bus/train/plane (katta, ichida yurish mumkin), lekin in a car/taxi (kichik).
Boshqa joy predloglari: under (ostida), above (yuqorisida), below (pastida), next to / beside (yonida), between (ikkisi orasida), among (ko‘p narsa orasida), opposite (qarshisida), behind (orqasida), in front of (oldida), near (yaqinida).
Kelish fe’llari:arrive in (shahar, mamlakat) / arrive at (bino, aeroport, stansiya); get to the station; go home (predlogsiz!), go to school.
Misol
We arrived ___ Samarkand ___ Friday ___ 10 p.m.
arrive + shahar → in (✗ arrive to).
Hafta kuni → on.
Aniq soat → at.
Javob: We arrived in Samarkand on Friday at 10 p.m.
§3. Harakat predloglari
Harakat yo‘nalishini ko‘rsatadi:
to — tomonga, manzilga: go to Bukhara.
into / out of — ichiga / ichidan: She walked into the room.He jumped out of the car.
through — orqali, ichidan o‘tib: through the tunnel, through the window.
across — bir chetidan ikkinchisiga: across the road, across the river.
along — bo‘ylab: walk along the river.
towards — tomon (yetib bormasdan): He ran towards me.
over — ustidan oshib: jump over the fence.
up / down — yuqoriga / pastga: climb up the hill.
in — joy (holat) · into — harakat (ichkariga kirish): She is in the room. / She went into the room.
§4. Turg‘un birikmalar
Bu birikmalarni yaxlit holda, misol gap bilan yodlang:
Sifat + predlog:good at, bad at, interested in, afraid of, proud of, tired of, fond of, keen on, responsible for, famous for, different from, similar to, married to, worried about.
Fe’l + predlog:depend on, rely on, listen to, belong to, agree with, apologise for, look for, look after, wait for, pay for, consist of, succeed in, insist on, think about.
Ot + predlog:reason for, solution to, increase in, damage to, advantage of, attitude to, demand for.
Predlog + ot:by car, on foot, in time (kech qolmasdan, ulgurib), on time (aynan belgilangan vaqtda), by mistake, on purpose, in danger, at risk, in my opinion.
Predlogdan keyin fe’l kelsa, u gerund shaklida bo‘ladi: She is good at drawing.I’m interested in learning Chinese.
Misol
She’s very proud ___ her son, who is responsible ___ a big project.
proud sifati of bilan birikadi: proud of.
responsible sifati for bilan birikadi: responsible for.
Bu birikmalar qoida bilan emas, yodlash orqali bilinadi.
Javob: of, for.
§5. Bog‘lovchilar va bog‘lovchi so‘zlar
Bog‘lovchilar fikrlar orasidagi mantiqiy munosabatni ko‘rsatadi:
Qo‘shish: and, also, in addition, moreover, furthermore, as well as.
Zidlik: but, however, although/though/even though + gap, despite/in spite of + ot yoki V-ing, whereas, on the other hand.
Sabab: because/since/as + gap, because of / due to + ot.
Natija: so, therefore, as a result, consequently.
Maqsad: to, in order to + V, so that + gap.
Misol: for example, for instance, such as.
although + gap: Although it was raining, we went out.
despite + ot / V-ing: Despite the rain, we went out.Despite feeling tired, he went out.
however — odatda gap boshida, vergul bilan: It was cheap. However, it was not good.but esa ikki gapni bitta gapda bog‘laydi: It was cheap, but it was not good.
Misol
___ his illness, he came to work. (Although / Despite)
Bo‘sh joydan keyin his illness — ot birikmasi, fe’l yo‘q.
although dan keyin to‘liq gap (ega + fe’l) kerak edi.
Ot oldidan despite ishlatiladi.
Javob: Despite.
§6. Imtihon uchun maslahatlar
Vaqt yoki joy bo‘lsa — "nuqta / sirt yoki kun / ichida yoki uzun davr" savolini bering.
Sifat yoki fe’ldan keyin bo‘sh joy bo‘lsa — turg‘un birikmani eslang; shubha bo‘lsa, misol gapni ichingizda ayting.
Bog‘lovchi tanlashda undan keyin nima kelishini tekshiring: to‘liq gap yoki ot.
Yangi so‘zni o‘rganganda uni predlogi bilan yozing: depend on, interested in.
O‘zingizni tekshiring
The meeting is ___ Tuesday ___ 3 p.m.
She’s very good ___ maths.
I’m not interested ___ politics.
We were late ___ the traffic. (because / because of)
The cat jumped ___ the window into the garden.
___ she studied hard, she failed. (Despite / Although)
It depends ___ the weather.
We walked ___ the road carefully. (bir chetidan ikkinchisiga)
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
Vaqt predloglarini adashtirish: ✗ in Monday, ✗ at 2026, ✗ in next week.
✗ arrive to Tashkent → ✓ arrive in Tashkent.
✗ despite of → ✓ despite yoki in spite of.
✗ depend from → ✓ depend on; ✗ listen music → ✓ listen to music.
although va but ni bir gapda ishlatish: ✗ Although it was late, but we stayed → ✓ Although it was late, we stayed.