Avval o‘rganing: Sifat va uning darajalari
Sonlar ingliz tili imtihonining deyarli har bir bo‘limida uchraydi: Listening’da narx, telefon raqami, sana, vaqt va xona raqami eng ko‘p tekshiriladigan ma’lumot; Writing’da grafik va jadvallar sonlar bilan tasvirlanadi; Speaking’da yosh, yillar va statistikani aytish kerak bo‘ladi. Xatolarning ko‘pi tovushdan (fifteen — fifty) yoki yozish va o‘qish qoidalaridan (the 3rd of May, two hundred) kelib chiqadi. Bu darsda sanoq va tartib sonlar, sanalar, vaqt, kasr va foizlar hamda grafik tasvirlash tili bosqichma-bosqich tushuntiriladi.
one, two, three … twelve; 13–19 -teen bilan: thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen; o‘nliklar -ty bilan: twenty, thirty, forty (✗ fourty), fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety.
21 — twenty-one (chiziqcha bilan) · 105 — a/one hundred and five · 2,350 — two thousand three hundred and fifty
Britaniya inglizchasida yuzlikdan keyin and qo‘yiladi: three hundred and twelve. Katta sonlarda minglik vergul bilan ajratiladi: 1,000,000 — one million.
hundred, thousand, million aniq sondan keyin `-s` olmaydi: five hundred people, two thousand dollars (✗ two hundreds). Lekin noaniq ko‘plikda -s va of keladi: hundreds of people, thousands of years, millions of stars.
3,406 sonini so‘z bilan yozing.
Listening’dagi eng xavfli juftlar: thirteen — thirty, fourteen — forty, fifteen — fifty, sixteen — sixty, nineteen — ninety.
Faqat tovushga emas, kontekstga ham qarang: avtobus chiptasi £15 yoki £50 bo‘lishi mantiqanmi? Javobni yozgach, mantiqni tekshiring.
first (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd), fourth (4th), fifth (5th), sixth … ninth (9th), tenth, twelfth (12th), twentieth (20th), twenty-first (21st)
Imlo qoidalari: five → fifth, nine → ninth (e tushadi), twelve → twelfth, -ty → -tieth (twenty → twentieth, thirty → thirtieth). Murakkab sonda faqat oxirgi qism tartib songa aylanadi: twenty-first, one hundred and second.
Tartib son oldidan odatda the keladi: the first day, on the second floor, the 21st century. Kasrlarda ham tartib son ishlatiladi (§5).
Sanalar. Yozilishi: 5 May 2026 (BrE) yoki May 5, 2026 (AmE). O‘qilishi: the fifth of May yoki May the fifth — og‘zaki nutqda doim tartib son.
Predloglar: in + oy, yil, fasl (in May, in 2026, in winter); on + kun yoki sana (on Monday, on 5 May); at + soat (at 7 o’clock).
Yillar: 1998 — nineteen ninety-eight, 2005 — two thousand and five, 2026 — twenty twenty-six (yoki two thousand and twenty-six). O‘n yilliklar: the 1990s — the nineties.
Vaqt:
past — soat boshidan keyin (1–30 daqiqa) · to — keyingi soatgacha (31–59 daqiqa)
Listening: The meeting was on the twentieth, but it has been moved to the twenty-third, at half past two. Formani to‘ldiring: Date: ___, Time: ___.
Sonli sifatlar chiziqcha bilan va birlikda: a five-year-old boy, a ten-minute walk, a two-hour lesson (✗ a two-hours lesson). Boshqa iboralar: a couple of (ikki-uchta), dozens of, once, twice, three times.
Telefon raqamini ayting: 0711 5582.
Writing’da grafik yoki jadval tasvirlansa, sonlar bilan birga o‘zgarish fe’llari va ravishlar kerak:
O‘sish: rise, increase, grow, go up · Kamayish: fall, decrease, drop, decline · Barqaror: remain stable, level off
Darajasi: slightly, gradually, steadily, sharply, dramatically
Taxminiy: about, around, approximately, nearly (bir oz kam), just over (bir oz ko‘p)
Ulushlar: a quarter = 25%, a third ≈ 33%, half = 50%, three quarters = 75%, the majority (yarmidan ko‘pi), a minority (ozchilik). Ikki baravar: doubled; yarmiga kamaydi: halved.
Ma’lumot: 2020-yilda talabalarning 30% onlayn o‘qigan, 2025-yilda — 55%. Bitta gap bilan tasvirlang.